Human Anatomy
Review and Question Database

Anatomy overview of systems, organs, and cells

Systems, organs, and cells

  1. The smallest living thing in your body.
  2. A substance made from a group of cells that function together for a particular purpose.
  3. System that brings oxygen into the body and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
  4. System that rids the body of wastes.
  5. A group of tissues that function together for a particular purpose.
  6. A group of organs that function together for a particular purpose.
  7. Name five types of cells or tissues in a body.
  8. Name four types of tissue in the human body.
  9. The gas that is breathed in and used to transfer food into energy.
  10. The system that holds the body up and gives a body shape.
  11. The system that expands and contracts for movement.
  12. The system that that carries messages to and from the brain.
  13. The building blocks of all living matter.
  14. The system that helps control a body activities by releasing hormones into the blood.

Mark the systems:

  • respiratory
  • blood cells
  • associative
  • reproductive
  • heart
  • endocrine
  • excretory
  • veins
  • circulatory
  • lymphatic
  • digestive
  • air
  • nutrients
  • skeletal
  • neurons
  • brain
  • muscular
  • integumentary system
  • nervous
  • cardiovascular

Mark the basic cells:

  • heart
  • aorta
  • muscle
  • organ
  • nerve
  • hair
  • skin
  • digestive
  • pylorus
  • bone
  • hemoglobin
  • tear
  • blood

Mark the basic organs:

  • nerve
  • heart
  • blood
  • kidney
  • liver
  • diaphragm
  • eye
  • lung
  • cell
  • pancreas
  • muscle
  • ear

 

Systems

Respiration system review (Data sheets)

Describe the respiratory system.

 

 

Describe functions of the respiratory system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three things that happen to air when it enters the nasal cavity.

1.

2.

3.

Parts and functions

Match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. ____________________ group of muscles that expands and contracts when you breathe.
  2. ____________________ waste gas that is not needed by your body.
  3. ____________________ organs used for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  4. ____________________ gas needed by the human body to release energy from food.
  5. ____________________ body system that allows the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  6. ____________________body part that contains the voice box and vocal cords.
  7. ____________________ sticky substance in the nasal cavity.
  8. ____________________ muscular wall behind the nose and mouth (throat) that connects to the the esophagus.
  9. ____________________ made when air passes across the vocal cords.
  10. ____________________transports gases to and from the cells.
  11. ____________________ provided when oxygen is metabolized.
  12. ____________________ where air is filtered, warmed, and moistened before entering the trachea.
  13. ____________________produce mucos.

Word bank

esophagus, trachea, sinuses, blood, nose, mouth, lungs, diaphragm, pulmonary arteries, villi, pharynx, oxygen, energy, carbon dioxide, respiratory, larynx, hemoglobin, mucus,

Label parts on the diagram

image

Describe ways to care for your respiratory systems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excretory system review (Data sheets)

Describe the excretory system.

 

 

 

 

Describe functions of excretory system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three substances that are found in urine.

1.

2.

3.

Parts and functions

Match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. ________________ organ that removes wastes from the blood.
  2. ________________ substance formed by water, urea, and salts in the kidney.
  3. ________________ The body system that caries out the removal of body wastes.
  4. ________________ liquid waste removed by the body through the skin.
  5. ________________ tube that connects from the bladder to the outside of the body.
  6. ________________ transports body wastes from the cells to the kidneys.
  7. ________________ organ that collects urine before excretion.
  8. ________________ duct that connects from the kidneys to the bladder.
  9. ________________ filters and processes blood as it circulates the body.
  10. ________________ circular muscles at the bottom of the bladder that keep urine in the bladder.
  11. ________________ filter the blood in the kidneys.
  12. ________________ connects the larynx to the bronchial tubes.
  13. ________________ waste gas.

Label parts on the diagram

image

Word bank

esophagus, blood, nose, lungs, bladder, rectum, villi, gall bladder, nephrons, urine, ureter, kidney, sphincters, oxygen, carbon dioxide, respiratory, excretory, larynx, urethra, perspiration, bronchi

Describe ways to care for your excretory systems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Digestive system review (Data sheets)

Describe the digestive system?

 

 

 

Describe functions of the digestive system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions

Match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. _____________________ prevents food from entering the respiratory system.
  2. _____________________ muscle movement that moves food through the entire digestive tract.
  3. _____________________ discharge into the mouth that begins digestion.
  4. _____________________ a burning discomfort in the upper abdomen, chest, or below the breast bone.
  5. _____________________ helps move food in the chewing swallowing process.
  6. _____________________ connects the mouth to the stomach.
  7. _____________________ undigested and unabsorbed materials move through and into the colon.
  8. _____________________ makes bile that breaks down fats for absorption.
  9. _____________________ stores solid waste until it is eliminated.
  10. _____________________ small projections in the small intestine lined with capillaries that absorb nutrients and minerals from food.
  11. _____________________ substance secreted by the stomach walls that somewhat protects the stomach wall from gastric juices digesting it.
  12. _____________________ stores bile.
  13. _____________________ tissue at the top back of the mouth that keeps food from entering the nasal cavity.
  14. _____________________ muscle at the entrance of the stomach that keeps gases and liquids from moving up the esophagus.
  15. _____________________ liquid secreted from the stomach walls to digest food.
  16. _____________________ digestive organ between the esophagus and small intestine.
  17. _____________________ produce saliva.
  18. _____________________ the end of digestion.

Label parts on the diagram

Digestive system diagram without labels

 

Word bank

anus, gastric juices, heartburn, villi, blood vessels, esophagus, tongue, saliva, salivary glands, esophageal sphincter, rectum, small intestine, colon, uvula, epiglottis, peristalsis, mucus, stomach, liver, gall bladder,

Describe ways to care for the digestive system.

 

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues for the digestive system.

 

 

 

 

Skeletal system review (Data sheets)

Describe the skeletal system.

 

 

Describe functions of the skeletal system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions - match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. _________________ protects the heart and lungs.
  2. _________________ hard objects made of living cells and minerals.
  3. _________________ cells that are hard structures to supports and protect the body.
  4. _________________ where bones join together.
  5. _________________ protects the brain
  6. _________________ an important mineral needed for healthy bones.
  7. _________________ A class of foods high in calcium.
  8. _________________ the kind of joint that moves very little and give an example (skull & ribs).
  9. _________________ the kind of joint that moves bones in large circles (shoulder & hip).
  10. _________________ the kind of joint that has a twisting side to side and back and forth motion (metacarpals & phalanges).
  11. _________________ is when the bone slips from the socket tearing ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.
  12. _________________ substance in the center of bones.
  13. _________________ joint with back and forth movement (fingers, ankle, elbow, knee).
  14. _________________ strong tough fibers that hold bones together at the joints.
  15. _________________ injury where ligaments tear or stretch away from the bones.
  16. _________________ A crack or break in a bone.
  17. _________________ A break where the bones are not separate.
  18. _________________ A break in a bone with the bone protruding from the skin.
  19. _________________ attach muscle to bone.
  20. _________________ an inflammation of the joint from normal wear, injury, or autoimmune disease.
  21. _________________ a curvature of the spine.

Word bank

arthritis, compound, ball & socket, ellipsoidal, skull, bone, tendons, dairy, ligament, skin, joints, hairline, fixed, scoliosis, nails, calcium, epidermis, blood vessels, ribs, marrow, sprain, hinge, fracture, hinge, dislocation, repetitive motion, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius pelvis, vertebrae, coccyx, cranium, ribs, scapula, mandible

Label bones on the skeleton diagram

skeleton diagrams Skeletal illustrations modified from Lady of Hats, Mariana Ruiz Villarreal

Ways to care for bones and related tissue.

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muscular system review (Data sheets)

Describe the muscular system?

 

 

 

 

Name three types of muscles.

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions - match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. ________________ type of muscle makes the walls of the heart.
  2. ________________ muscles do this to move.
  3. ________________ when muscle tissue is progressively destroyed.
  4. ________________ type of muscles in the digestive tract, urinary tract, bladder, blood vessels, and lungs.
  5. ________________ inflammation of a tendon caused by overuse, injury, or aging.
  6. ________________ type of muscle attaches to ligaments and tendons.
  7. ________________ type of muscle that is involuntary and lines the internal organs.
  8. ________________ discolored skin caused by leaks and breaks in blood vessels.
  9. ________________ a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon.
  10. ________________ when an organ or tissue protrudes through the muscle area.
  11. ________________ a stretching or tearing of ligaments

 

Word bank

hernia, tendinitis, sprain, smooth, skeletal, skin, hair, expand, contract, nails, epidermis, blood vessels, muscular dystrophy, cardiac, bruises, deltoid, rotor cuff, deltoid, quadriceps femoris, peroneus longus, abdominal external oblique, trapezius, rhomboids, biceps grachii, triceps brachii, soleus, latissimus dorsi

 

Label parts on the diagram

muscle back diagram

Images adapted from: Häggström, Mikael. "Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine 1 (2). via Wikimedia Commons

Describe ways to care for muscles.

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues

 

 

 

 

Nervous system review (Data sheets)

Describe the nervous system.

 

 

Describe the function of the central nervous system (CNS).

 

 

 

 

Describe the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions - match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. ______________________
    regulates and controls internal organ (heart, lungs, stomach intestine) functions, and glands.
  2. ______________________
    located in the CNS and connect neurons in the brain and spinal cord to transmit messages among the CNS.
  3. ______________________
    part of the the central nervous system that is as thick as an index finger and transmits electrical signals.
  4. ______________________
    sends signals from sensory organs, sensory maps of the body, voluntary muscle signals, emotions, memory and consciousness functions to the CNS
  5. ______________________
    transmit messages from the receptors in the body (skin, muscles) to the CNS (brain and spinal cord).
  6. ______________________
    receives information from the somatic nervous system, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate voluntary movement such as posture, balance, coordination, speech, to achieve a smooth and balanced activity.
  7. ______________________
    transmit signals that have an involuntary or semi-voluntary functions that control the heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, temperature regulation, sweating ....
  8. ______________________
    transmit responses from the brain and spinal cord (CNS) as messages to the muscles and glands.
  9. ______________________
    grow from the cell body and toward neurons, muscle cells, or glands and transmit impulses to them.
  10. ______________________
    part of the CNS that receives, processes, and sends signals.
  11. ______________________
    alcohol has this effect on the nervous system. .
  12. ______________________
    regulates the body during rest controls heart rate, relaxes blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, repairs the body, promote digestion and absorption, relaxation, slows respiration, bladder, and sexual arousal.
  13. ______________________
    is the newest evolved and is the center of conscious thought, learning, and memory. .
  14. ______________________
    grows from the cell body and receives signals and transmits them to the cell body.
  15. ______________________
    is the sight and visual processing center and place for dreams. .
  16. ______________________
    mobilizes the fight or flight response.
  17. ______________________
    part of a neuron with a nucleus, connects to dendrites and axons, and regulates the production of protein.
  18. ______________________
    controls voluntary movement, language, concentration, cognition, memory, analysis, consequences, critical thinking, problem solving, logic, planning, and emotions. .
  19. ______________________
    integrates information from the senses (hot, cold, pain, touch, and body position in space) for spatial, visual, speech, pain, and touch responses..
  20. ______________________
    is the hearing and auditory processing, smell, memory, thought, and judgment. It is the location of the hippocampus which is associated with memory and memory of faces and locations.
  21. ______________________
    the oldest part of the brain. Is a three inches long bundle of nerve cells that connect the brain and the spinal cord. All incoming sensory impulses and motor impulses pass through it.

Label parts on the diagram

Brain figure

Word bank

motor neurons, somatic nervous system, dendrites, autonomic neurons, blood vessels, sympathetic nervous system, neuron, cell body, parasympathetic nervous system, frontal lobe, sensory neurons, brain, receptor, temporal lobe, synapse, autonomic nervous system, interneurons, depressant, occipital lobe, axons, spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrum, parietal lobe

Ways to care for the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

Describe two health related care issues.

Integumentary system review:
Body coverings - skin, hair, nails, sweat & more (Data sheets)

Describe the integumentary (skin) system.

 

 

Name five functions of skin.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Parts and functions - match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. _________________ gives skin color.
  2. _________________ the thin visible top layer of skin
  3. _________________ the middle layer of skin.
  4. _________________ the deepest layer of skin.
  5. _________________ determines the amount of curl in hair.
  6. _________________ gives hair its color.
  7. _________________ makes freckles.
  8. _________________ an opening in the skin for sweat.
  9. _________________ protects skin from UV radiation from the Sun.
  10. _________________ protects skin, eyes, and nose from dust and other particles.
  11. _________________ are made of dead cells and keratin.
  12. _________________ provides oil to skin.
  13. _________________ senses changes in the environment: pressure, vibration, temperture, pain.
  14. _________________ uses this everyday to grow new cells.
  15. _________________ supply oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste.

Label parts on the diagram.

skin diagram

Word bank

skin, hair, nails, epidermis, blood vessels, lymph vessels, dermis, subdermis, sweat glands, sweat pore, sebaceous glands, exocrine glands, blood vessels, nerves, finger nails, toe nails, pacinian corpuscle, pigment layer, melanin, shape of follicle, balanced diet

Describe ways to care for skin, hair, and nails.

 

 

 

 

Describe health related skin care issues.

 

 

 

Cardiovascular system review (Data sheets)

Describe the cardiovascular system.

 

 

 

Describe functions of the cardiovascular system.

 

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions

Name things that are in the blood.

 

 

Match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. __________________ tissue that makes the heart.
  2. __________________ smallest type of blood vessels in the human body that connect arteries and veins.
  3. __________________ type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
  4. __________________ blood going to the lungs has more of this than blood leaving it.
  5. __________________ surge felt in blood vessels.
  6. __________________ substance in blood that surround and ingest matter that causes infections.
  7. __________________ blood going to the heart from the body travels mostly in these vessels.
  8. __________________ is the measure of force on the blood vessel walls.
  9. __________________ the heart is.
  10. __________________ largest blood vessel in a body.
  11. __________________ stops bleeding and help wounds by forming clots and scabs.
  12. __________________ system that transports blood.
  13. __________________ needs to match or a blood transfusion.
  14. __________________ the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended.
  15. __________________ blood leaving the lungs has more of this in it.
  16. __________________ the color of blood.
  17. __________________ substance in red blood cells that help transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.

Label parts on the diagram and draw arrows to show the flow of blood.

image

Label arteries and veins

Ateries diagramVeins diagram

Word bank

red, blue, carbon dioxide, blood type, blood pressure, ventricles, oxygen, aorta, veins, heart, auricles, blood, capillary, artery, hemoglobin, skin, platelets, epidermis, blood vessels, blood cells, leukocyte cells, hemoglobin, plasma, white blood cells, pressure, muscle, vein, pulse, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, valve, cardiovascular,

Describe ways to care for the circulatory system.

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues for the circulatory system.

 

 

Endocrine system review (Data sheets)

Mark what has to do with the endocrine system:

  • ligaments
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid
  • hormone
  • antibiotics
  • biotin
  1. This is the function of the endocrine system.
  2. Chemicals released into the blood by the endocrine glands.
  3. This is a tissue or organ that makes and releases chemicals into the blood.
  4. This is the control gland of the endocrine system.
  5. This substance allows glucose to move from the blood to the cells.
  6. This is the substance the cells use that can be thought of as food.
  7. A disease caused by the body not making enough insulin.
  8. The rate a body uses food.

Two main things of the endocrine system.

1.

2.

Name four glands that are in the endocrine system and describe what each does.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Two things that you can do to take care of your endocrine system.

1.

2.

Describe metabolism.

 

Immune system review (Data sheets)

Describe the system immune system?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Describe functions of the immune systems.

Immune Cells

 

 

 

 

Organs

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lymph system

 

 

 

 

Parts and functions

Match the words in the word bank to the function and label the diagram.

  1. ____________________ name for some leukocyte cells.
  2. ____________________ an autoimmune response caused when foreign bodies (allergens) touch the skin or enter the body and cause.
  3. ____________________ help prevent throat and lung infections by reducing pathogens that enter the body through the throat and mouth with respiration.
  4. ____________________ seek out and destroy disease-causing organisms or substances..
  5. ____________________ a leukocyte cell that is a natural killer cell made in the thymus gland.
  6. ____________________ filters the blood, stores leukocyte cells, and recycles red blood cells and platelets.
  7. ____________________ are small bean-shaped organs in the lymph ducts that filter lymph fluid.
  8. ____________________ vessels that collect lymph fluid and expand and contract to move it to the heart.
  9. ____________________ a leukocyte cell that is a natural killer cell made in bone marrow.
  10. ____________________ protects the digestive system from infection and other immune functions.
  11. ____________________ gland that regualtes the immune system.
  12. ____________________ small clumps of lymphatic tissue in the small intestine.
  13. ____________________ makes B lymphocyte cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Label parts on the diagram

lymph system diagram

Adapted from Bruce Blaus "Blausen gallery 2014". [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Word bank

allergic reaction, appendix, B lymphocyte cells, bone marrow, hair, nails, epidermis, blood vessels, leukocyte cells, lymph ducts, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, spleen, thymus, T lymphocyte cells, tonsils and adenoids , white blood cells,

Describe ways to care for the immune system.

 

 

 

 

Describe health related care issues for the immune system.

 

 

 

 

Reproductive system review (Data sheets)

 

Organs

Eye

  1. Part of the eye that washes it and keeps it moist.
  2. Opening in the center of the eye.
  3. Hairs on the eye lid to protect the eye.
  4. Colored part of the eye.
  5. Where the image is supposed to focus.
  6. Nerve that sends signals caused by light to brain.
  7. Focuses light on the retina.
  8. Adjusts to let different amount of light into the eye.
  9. Transparent outter cover on the front of the eye.
  10. Muscle that controls the amount of light entering the eye.
  11. Path between the eye and the brain.
  12. Round opening in the center of the eye.
  13. Light does this to the iris.
  14. The white part of the eye.

Five parts of an eye.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Two types of eye conditions that can be corrected by glasses.

1.

2.

Three ways people use sight.

1.

2.

3.

Two ways to reduce eye infections.

1.

2.

Two kinds of retina cells.

1.

2.

Use the diagrams below to label and explain a model of how the eye works and how near or far sighted vision is corrected with contact lenses or eye glasses.

eye i
Explain the candle, lens, and screen demonstration.

Ear

  1. Organ used to sense sound.
  2. Parts of an ear are often classified as belonging to one of these three areas.
  3. Outside part of the ear.
  4. Hard substance inside the pinna.
  5. Thin layer of skin that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
  6. Opening that leads from the outside of a head into the thin layer of skin in an ear.
  7. Part of the ear shaped like a shell and filled with fluid.
  8. Tube connecting the middle ear to the back part of the throat.
  9. Nerve that sends signals from the ear to the brain.
  10. Part of the ear important for knowing up, down, and balance.
  11. Sound is.
  12. Vibrations are.
  13. A benefit of ear wax.
  14. The brain hears an echo when this happens.

Three bones in the ear.

1.

2.

3.

Describe how sound travels from a vibrating object and is interpreted by the brain.

 

 

Draw, label, and explain a model of the ear and how it works.

ear image

Teeth

  1. Organ used to to tear and grind food.
  2. Three main parts of all teeth.
  3. Other parts of a tooth and supporting parts.
  4. Five kinds of teeth.

Draw, label, and explain a model of a tooth.

Tooth diagram

Word bank

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars, wisdom teeth, crown, neck, root, enamel, dentin, pulp cavity, root canal, gum tissue, cementum, bone, nerve, and blood vessels

Nutrition

  1. Plants get their energy from this.
  2. Animals get their energy from this.
  3. This nutrient is the building block of the body.
  4. A unit to measure energy used by the body.
  5. Protein is broken down into these.
  6. A human body is mostly this.
  7. A vitamin that helps build strong bones, teeth, and prevents the disease rickets.
  8. A mineral needed for bones, teeth, clotting blood, healthy nerve, and muscle cells.
  9. A vitamin that helps maintain healthy skin, muscles, blood vessels, and helps make a cement like substance that helps heal wounds and protects against infection.
  10. A vitamin that keeps skin, nerves, and intestines healthy and prevents the disease pellagra.
  11. A vitamin that helps make healthy nerves, appetites, aides digestion, heps cells use energy, and prevents the disease beriberi.
  12. A vitamin that helps keep eyes and skin healthy. Healthy skin is smooth and soft and aides in the prevention of infections.
  13. Three types of vitamins that the body does not store, therefore, they must be replaced daily.
  14. Vitamins that are stored in the body and if taken in large doses can build up and create problems.
  15. This solution is used as a test for starch.

Three nutrients used for energy.

1.

2.

3.

Two foods high in protein.

1.

2.

Two foods high in fat.

1.

2.

Two foods high in carbohydrates.

1.

2.

Two foods high in calcium.

1.

2.

Two foods high in vitamin C.

1.

2.

Two foods high in iron.

1.

2.

Two foods high in vitamin A

1.

2.

Milk can be separated into two proteins. What are the two proteins and describe each.

1.

2.

Describe a test for protein.

 

Genetics

  1. Chromosomes that determine if an organism is male or female.
  2. These are found on chromosomes.
  3. A weaker genetic trait.
  4. A stronger genetic trait.
  5. Crossing plants or animals to attain a certain trait or kind of offspring.
  6. The passing of a trait from a parent to an offspring.
  7. A trait in an organism cause by a change in genes.
  8. Animals that people raise for food.
  9. Fertilizing one plant by moving pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant.
  10. A blood disease caused by genetic material.

Word bank:

breeding, livestock, genes, dominant, recessive, heredity, cross-pollenation, mutant, sex chromosomes, sickle-cell anemia

 

Mitosis and meiosis

Arrange the following in order.

1. Egg produced by meosis

__ Organism is born

__ Fertilization forms a zygote

__ Sperm is produced by meosis

__ An embryo is formed

__ Zygote divides by mitosis

 

Complete the following chart:

Organism Number of chromosomes in body cell Number of chromosomes in sex cell
fruit fly 8  
house fly 12  
rice   6
bean   7
onion   8
rose 14  
chicken 18  
corn 20  
tomato 24  
frog   13
apple 34  
cat   19
chimpanzee   24
cotton 52  
horse   32
cow 60  
human    

 

Barbara McClintock, won the 1983 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for work she did 30 years earlier. In 1951 she announced her idea of a jumping gene and described how it controled the color of kernels of corn.

  • Describe what a jumping gene means using the words chromosome, gene, and trait.

 

  • Describe why it took 30 years for Barbara McClintock to win the Nobel Prize.

 

Describe what is happening in the drawings below.

meiosis image

 

mitosis image